Show me how people in this field think, not just what they know.

I want to understand how people who work in think, so that I can . Don’t give me a history or a glossary. Give me the five or six ideas they reach for every day, the ones behind most of their judgments. For each: the idea in one sentence, a situation from ordinary life where it shows up, and the mistake an outsider makes without it. Say which of this is settled and which is your own reading, and how I could check it with someone who does the work. Finish with one short, realistic case of the kind I’d run into, ask which of the ideas I’d reach for, and wait for my answer before giving yours.